Continuation ; Politics, Parties, And Elections in America 7
The impact of the nomination process upon the House of Representatives during the 1980 and 1990s has been striking. As the South became more competitive between the Republican and Democratic parties, conservatives increasingly were drawn to the GOP. At the same time, the Voting rights Act of 1965 made it possible for the black voters, who are overwhelmingly Democratic, to participate in the electoral process. The net effect of these changes was to make the Democratic party in the South more liberal than in the past and , therefore, it nominated congressional candidates who reflected the national party's policy orientation instead of the traditional southern conservative view. The nomination and election of these moderate to liberal southern Democrats gave the Democratic party in the House increased unity in roll call votes and enabled it to control the chamber's agenda and policy output from the mid-1980s until 1995.11 At the same time, the infusion of white southern conservatives into the Republican nominating primaries has resulted in GOP nominees with decidedly conservative policy views. As the electoral realignment of the region progressed in the 1990, these conservatives were elected in larger and larger numbers, thereby creating a Republican party in the House characterized by an overwhelmingly conservative policy orientation and a top leadership corps from the South after the 1994-1998 elections.
Control of the party nominating process has gradually shifted from the hands of the party organization to the party in the electorate. Nominations for congressional and state office since the 1920 have been made via the direct primary, in which party voters select the nominee. In presidential nominations, the party leaderships voice has similarly been diminished with the rise of the presidential primary as the principal method of selecting national convention delegates.
The impact of the nomination process upon the House of Representatives during the 1980 and 1990s has been striking. As the South became more competitive between the Republican and Democratic parties, conservatives increasingly were drawn to the GOP. At the same time, the Voting rights Act of 1965 made it possible for the black voters, who are overwhelmingly Democratic, to participate in the electoral process. The net effect of these changes was to make the Democratic party in the South more liberal than in the past and , therefore, it nominated congressional candidates who reflected the national party's policy orientation instead of the traditional southern conservative view. The nomination and election of these moderate to liberal southern Democrats gave the Democratic party in the House increased unity in roll call votes and enabled it to control the chamber's agenda and policy output from the mid-1980s until 1995.11 At the same time, the infusion of white southern conservatives into the Republican nominating primaries has resulted in GOP nominees with decidedly conservative policy views. As the electoral realignment of the region progressed in the 1990, these conservatives were elected in larger and larger numbers, thereby creating a Republican party in the House characterized by an overwhelmingly conservative policy orientation and a top leadership corps from the South after the 1994-1998 elections.
Control of the party nominating process has gradually shifted from the hands of the party organization to the party in the electorate. Nominations for congressional and state office since the 1920 have been made via the direct primary, in which party voters select the nominee. In presidential nominations, the party leaderships voice has similarly been diminished with the rise of the presidential primary as the principal method of selecting national convention delegates.
تأثير عملية الترشيح على مجلس النواب أثناء الـثمانينات والتسعينيات كانت ملفتة للنظر . بينما أصبح الجنوب أكثر تنافسا بين الاحزاب الجمهوريين والديمقراطيين ، مال المحافظون على نحو متزايد نحو الحزب الجمهوري. في نفس الوقت، قانون حقّ تصويت 1965 سهلة مهمة الناخبين السود، الذين يعتبرو ديمقراطيون بشكل كبير، للمشاركة في العملية الإنتخابية. التأثير الحاصل لهذه التغييرات كانت أن تجعل الحزب الديمقراطي في الجنوب أكثر ليبراليا من الماضي ، لذا، تم تعيين اسماء مرشّحين الكونجرس الذين عكسوا توجيه سياسة الحزب الوطني بدلا من وجهة النظر المحافظة الجنوبية التقليدية. اعطي الترشيح وإلانتخاب من بين المعتدلين الي اليبراليين الجنوبيين الحزب الديمقراطي نسبة متزايده في مجلس النواب من أصوات قائمة الحضور ومكّنتها للسيطرة على جدول الأعمال وسياسة الغرفة من منتصف الثمانينات حتى سنة 1995. 11 في نفس الوقت، صبّ المحافظين الجنوبين البيض في ابتدائيات الترشح الجمهوري أدّى إلى مرشّحي الحزب الجمهوري بوجهات نظر السياسة المحافظة بالتأكيد. كإعادة الإصطفاف المنطقة الإنتخابية تقدّمت في 1990، هؤلاء المحافظين إنتخبوا بأعداد كبيرة جدا، بالتالي خلقت الحزب الجمهوري في مجلس النواب وتميز بتوجيه سياسة المحافظين بشكل كبير وقمة هيئة القيادة من الجنوب بعد انتخابات 1994-1998
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سيطرة عملية ترشح الحزب إنتقلت من أيدي منظمة الحزب بشكل تدريجي إلى حزب الناخبين . الترشيحات لمنصب الكونجرس والولاية منذ الـ1920 صوغت عن طريق الإنتخابات المباشرة، التي فيها يختار ناخبي الحزب المرشّح. في الترشيحات الرئاسيه، صوت قيادي الحزب بنفس الطريقة اضعفت مع إرتفاع إنتخابات الرئاسية الأولية كالطريقة الرئيسية لإختيار اعضاء مجلس الوطني .
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